Your Guide to Design and Construction Roles
Who Does What? Understanding the Spectrum of Construction Professionals
When planning a renovation, figuring out who does what—and who you actually need—can be overwhelming. Do you call an architect, a designer, or a contractor first? What about a draftsperson or an engineer?
Each professional plays a different role in the construction and design process. Understanding the distinctions can save time, reduce costs, and prevent stress. That said, it’s not always obvious where one role ends and another begins.
Below, we explain who these professionals are, what they can do, when you should hire them, and any limitations to be aware of.
1. Full-Service Architect & Interior Design Professional
(Licensed Architect, AIA, RIBA, WELL AP — 15+ years of experience)
A full-service architect bridges the gap between structural planning and interior experience. In our case, that means handling both architecture and interiors—everything from space planning to sourcing furniture and coordinating installation.
We guide clients through every phase of a project: zoning research, feasibility studies, permitting, construction drawings, contractor selection, and design execution. Furthermore, we assist with product sourcing, millwork details, lighting design, and health-conscious material selections. The goal is always to create spaces that feel both personal and enduring.
• Hire a full-service architect-designer when: You want a cohesive experience from initial concept to final installation—especially for complex renovations, historic homes, or high-performance design.
• Qualifications: Licensed in New York; member of the American Institute of Architects (AIA), Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA), and WELL AP.
• Limitations: None in scope—though a licensed contractor must carry out the physical construction.
Feeling confident about who you need—but unsure where to begin? Our Pre-Design Consultation gives you clear next steps, tailored to your home and goals.
2. Draftsperson
Draftspeople (or drafters) create technical drawings, often using CAD software. These drawings are essential to formalizing a design idea and preparing documents for permit submission—under an architect’s or engineer’s direction.
• Hire one when: You already have a concept or layout and need it translated into a formal drawing set.
• Qualifications: Technical certification in drafting. Typically not licensed to submit plans independently.
• Limitations: Cannot legally stamp or submit plans in most jurisdictions.
• What is a Draftsperson? – Architectural Digest
3. Engineer
Engineers address safety, systems, and structural performance. While many types exist, structural engineers are the most relevant for residential work. They evaluate beams, foundations, and framing to ensure safety and code compliance.
• Hire one when: You plan to remove walls, change the roofline, or modify structural openings.
• Qualifications: Bachelor’s degree in engineering and a Professional Engineer (PE) license.
• Limitations: Engineers solve how something works, not what it should look like.
4. Contractor
A general contractor oversees the build. In essence, they coordinate trades, manage material deliveries, pull permits, and ensure your project stays on schedule. However, most contractors do not provide design guidance.
• Hire one when: You’re ready to build and need someone to manage the day-to-day on-site work.
• Qualifications: Varies by location; must be licensed and insured in most cities. New York State Licensing.
• Limitations: Contractors don’t typically provide drawings or design ideas. Without a plan, you may receive vague bids or incomplete estimates.
• What Does a General Contractor Do? – This Old House
Note: While it's tempting to call a contractor first, doing so without construction documents is risky. It's like writing a blank check. Always begin with drawings or specifications—even a basic set—before paying a deposit.
5. Subcontractor
Subcontractors are trade-specific professionals hired by the general contractor. This includes electricians, plumbers, HVAC specialists, tile installers, and others. Each focuses solely on their trade.
• Hire one when: You’re coordinating a smaller job or acting as your own GC.
• Qualifications: Licensed in their specific field.
• Limitations: Typically do not coordinate with other trades or manage schedules.
Not sure if you’re ready to hire? Take our short quiz to find out—and get a personalized recommendation.
6. Architect
Architects are trained to solve design and spatial problems while ensuring code and zoning compliance. They produce construction documents and can manage consultants and regulatory approvals.
• Hire one when: Your project involves layout changes, permitting, or structural modifications.
• Qualifications: Accredited degree, licensure in the state, and continuing education. New York State License Requirements
• Limitations: Architects design and coordinate, but they don’t build.
• What Is an Architect? – NCARB
7. Interior Designer
Interior designers work on how a space looks, feels, and functions. They help with layouts, finishes, lighting, and furniture—sometimes also managing purchasing and vendor coordination.
• Hire one when: You want to refine the aesthetic or flow of your home, without altering the structure.
• Qualifications: Varies. Many hold design degrees and are certified by the NCIDQ.
• Limitations: They cannot submit architectural drawings or modify structural elements without involving a licensed professional.
• NCIDQ Certification Overview
Still assembling your team? Start with our Renovation Planning Pack—it includes checklists, timelines, and budget tools to help you plan with confidence.
8. Interior Decorator
Decorators focus on soft finishes—furniture, window treatments, rugs, and styling. While their work adds tremendous value, it’s typically cosmetic.
• Hire one when: You want your home to feel polished and complete without major renovations.
• Qualifications: No formal licensing; evaluated by portfolio and experience.
• Limitations: Decorators do not alter layouts or coordinate construction.
• Interior Designer vs. Decorator – Architectural Digest
9. Stager or Stylist
Stagers make a space appealing for sale or photography. Their goal is to help prospective buyers imagine themselves in the space—even if that means removing your personal touch.
• Hire one when: You're preparing to list your home and want to maximize market appeal.
• Qualifications: No required certification; chosen based on results and reputation.
• Limitations: Staging is temporary. It’s not intended for long-term living.
• What Does a Home Stager Do? – Forbes
• Real Estate Staging Association (RESA)
10. Design-Build Firm
Design-build firms combine design and construction under one contract. As a result, the process can move faster, with fewer coordination delays. However, the design phase may be limited by what the in-house team can produce.
• Hire one when: You want a streamlined approach with one point of contact from start to finish.
• Qualifications: Licensed general contractors with in-house architects or designers.
• Limitations: Flexibility and creativity may be constrained by internal staff capabilities.
• Design-Build Institute of America (DBIA)
• Design-Bid-Build vs. Design-Build – Levelset
How to Choose the Right Professional
Every renovation is different. A full remodel may require multiple professionals working in tandem: an architect to design, an engineer to confirm the structure, a contractor to build, and a designer to finish. In contrast, a simpler update might only require a decorator or stylist.
When deciding who to hire, ask yourself:
What’s being changed—layout, structure, finishes, or furniture?
What’s required legally—permits, stamped drawings, licensed trades?
What’s your main goal—visual improvement, functionality, or resale value?
Ultimately, starting with a consultation from a full-service licensed design professional can help clarify what’s possible—and exactly who you’ll need to bring your vision to life.
• Do You Need an Architect or Designer? – Sweeten
• NYC Building Permit Overview – NYC.gov
